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Mongolian Yurt
A Mongolian Yurt(ger) is a traditional portable dwelling of the nomadic Mongolians for 3000 years. Generally, Ger components consist of a wooden framework, a felt cover, and ropes. From various primitive dwellings to the modern ger with its delicate and unique ornaments, a complex system of aesthetic characteristics defines the Mongol ger-architecture, which has been passed on for generations. The size and design of the ger components, the structures outer and interior decorations and its furniture were developed to be comfortable as well as portable and light. This allows pastoral nomads to easily load it on their livestock to move to new pastures.
What is Mongolian Yurt made of ?
The ger comprises all types of traditional arts. The ger is composed of toono (crown), uni (spokes), khana (latticed wall), toiruulga devsger (floor cover), khavtas (doorboard), khaalga (door) and bagana (pillars). It is impossible to imagine a ger without any ornaments and decorations. Likewise, it is impossible to imagine the Mongols without the ger or the horse. Engraved ger parts typically come in three types: embossed, curved, and concave. Engraved ger parts typically come in three types: embossed, curved, and concave.
Painting and Decorating Yurt Framework
The components of the Mongolian Yurts are painted with naturally colored paints. Such as ger that is used for nomadic, whereas the ger intended for settled life is decorated with various ornaments and decorations. All the decorations and ornaments created on the ger components are matched to each other in design and color.
For example, toono (crown) resembles the sun, and uni (spokes) resembles the rays of the sun. All of the other ornaments and decorations on the door and furniture in a ger match to each other in terms of color and style. The bögjin khee or ring ornament is widely found on ger components. This ornament symbolizes tying, binding together, or strengthening. The meaning is well suited to a structure that is made up of many different individual parts. The ger door, being both the exit and the object that invites guests to enter, is decorated with magnificent ornaments.
Ornament
Every ornament that decorates the ger parts has its own meanings. Together they compose the unified symbolic meaning of togetherness or unity. Vein patterns made with gold are inlaid in the ger parts and furniture. The gold sheet is used for making such an inlay on the objects. To make inlay, the gold sheet has to be soaked and dried in the air. Meanwhile, the background object is painted with dark red color and varnished accordingly. Then a traditional tool called tsoolgo is placed on the newly painted object and the gold sheet is attached with smooth stroking. After taking off the tsoolgo, the pattern is formed on the object.
The Crown and Its Cover
The spokes on the top of the örkh, the cover of the Mongolian Yurt is a prototype of the crown (the circular piece with radial toono (crown). The toono is composed of a circle frame and auxiliary joints. There are various types of toono, including khorol toono and burgasan toono. Khorol toono has two frames, one big and one small, whereas a bögjin tsamkhraatai toono or toono with ring spokes has a structure resembling the crossings of three wooden sticks. The toono is categorized by how it is made, such as matmal (bended), zuimėl (compounded), and sarkhinag (comb-like).
Most often, the frame and the inner side of the toono is painted with a dark red color and decorated with gold ornaments with various engravings and paintings. Alkhan khee or fret ornament and tsetsgen khee or flower ornaments are usually found on the crown decoration. Moreover, typical ornaments used for the toono decoration include khorol, zooson khee, örtei ever ugalz, navchin khee and üülen khee.
Spokes
Spokes are the sticks that link the crown on the roof of the Mongolian Yurts(ger) with the walls. The tip of one end of the spoke is set in the crown holes. Other end is set atop the lattice wall and tied with a braided cord. The number of crown holes and spokes must match in number. Initially, spokes, which are called tsuulbar uni, were made of willow wood. Later, they are made of more common forms of wood. Willow spokes are painted in single color, such as red. The most common form of the ornament is ever ugalz, or horn scrolls, which are delicately painted with matching colors, such as blue, green and yellow, on a red background.
Latticed wall
The wall of the yurt to be folded and moved. Depending on Ger is flexible, allowing it the number of its walls, the ger size can be different. In other words, Mongolians measure size of Yurt by its walls. The smallest ger has two walls. As the number of wall pieces increases so does the size of Ger. Walls made of willow and other types of wood are joined with the use of narrow camel-hide things. The timber wall, in contrast, is joined like pieces of a puzzle. Because the khana represents the symbolic meaning of prosperity itself, it is not decorated with any ornaments.
Mongolian Yurt Door
The door is composed of a double board, an inner and outer fringe, a center and four corners. Every part of the door is decorated with traditional ornaments and patterns. There is a tradition of making doors that consist of four, five, six, eight, and nine panels and are decorated with independent colors and decorations.
Chest, wardrobe, the front, and back of the couch, table, chair, a bar on which the airag-skin is fixed. Their front or outer sides are crafted by decorating with various forms of dying, carvings, embossments, ornaments and adornments. Their making and sizes are suited not only for loading and as well as for everyday use.
Ger Pillars
The pending on the design of the crown, bagana or pillar is the main support of the atsan tolgoit bagana ger. De (fork-capital of pillar) and alkhan tolgoit bagana (fret-capital of the pillar) are used. Also, pillars can be constructed with or without face sides.
Normally, a Mongolian Traditional Yurt(ger) has two pillars. However, depending on the yurt size, there could be more than two pillars. The pillars are painted dark red, and its top and two sides are patterned with multi-colored ornaments. This kind of style is found in the decorations of pillars and other parts of temples and monasteries. Besides various paintings, pillars can also be decorated with fillet and engraving techniques.
Ger Flouring
Toiruulga devsger and floor pieces used inside of the refers to the various felt rugs, cushions, ger.
These felt rugs are stitched with camel wool threads and decorated with traditional ornaments, such as tümennasan, alkhan khee and shurguulga (fret patterns).
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